This article explains multiple ways to calculate AUC mathematically along with step by step implementation guide in Python, SAS and R.
The Area Under an ROC Curve
How to Interpret a ROC Curve (With Examples) - Statology
The Area Under an ROC Curve
An illustration of how area under the curve (AUC) was computed. AUC is
Area under the curve – An ABC of PK/PD
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ROC and AUC in R
Guide to AUC ROC Curve in Machine Learning
AUC - Insider's Guide to the Theory and Applications – Sin-Yi Chou – Data Science Enthusiast
ROC Curve explained using a COVID-19 hypothetical example: Binary & Multi-Class Classification tutorial, by Serafeim Loukas, PhD
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